Informatics Publishing Limited

A. S. Khan ¹, N. Fisal ¹, Z. A. Bakar ¹, N. Salawu ¹, W. Maqbool ¹, R. Ullah ¹, H. Safdar ¹

Affiliations
1 UTM-MIMOS Center of Excellence, FKE, UTM, MY

Abstract

Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) network is one of the emerging technologies, especially LTE-Advanced, WiMAX and the Smart grid communications. Ensuring security is one of the most imperative and challenging issues in MMR networks. Privacy Key Management (PKM) protocol is proposed to ensure the security measures in MMR networks. However, the protocol still faces several security threats, specifically Denial of Service (DoS), replay attacks, Man in the Middle (MitM) attacks and the interleaving attacks, which is termed as Medium Access Control (MAC) layer attacks. This paper proposed a modified version PKM protocol for both unilateral and mutual authentication, which is termed as Self-organized Efficient Authentication and Key Management Scheme (SEAKS) authentication protocol. This protocol ensures secure end-to-end data transmission using distributed hop-by-hop authentication and localized key management schemes with a very simple and efficient way. The performance evaluation of the proposed schemes in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet overhead, processing time and the effect of increasing number of rogue relay stations is carried out and compared with the official draft of MMR WiMAX and the SEN XU. The result showed that our proposed scheme out-performed the base line protocols.

Keywords

Denial of Service, Hop-by-Hop Authentication, IEEE 802.16, MMR WiMAX Network, Security Issues

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Anupam Chattopadhyay ¹, A. S. Khan ¹, A. K. Huin ¹, B. K. Bandyopadhyay ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Seminary Hills, Nagpur 440 006, IN

Abstract

Geological mapping and structural analysis of the manganese-bearing Sausar Group and associated rocks in Ramtek-Mansar-Kandri area, Maharashtra, have led to reinterpretation of stratigraphy and structure. A local stratigraphic succession for the Sausar supracrustal rocks, giving due weightage to lithologic critena and structural considerations, has been proposed which is different from the existing divergent lithostratigraphic successions suggested by different workers at different times. The lithologic unit interpreted as a conglomerate horizon by some earlier workers, near the contact of the granite gneiss and the Sausar Group in Mansar-Kandri area, has been reintmpreted to be of tectonic origin, Sausar Group preserves evidence of four generations of folding (F₁ to F₄). The map pattern is controlled by F₂ and F₄ whereas F₁ and F₃ have developed only on hand specimen to outcrop scale Ramtek synform, the major structural feature in the area, is a polyharmonic, second-generation fold with shallow southeasterly plunge and a steep to subvertical, WNW-ESE striking axial plane. It is not a large scale non-plane, non-cylindrical superposed fold (F₂ on F₁), as interpreted earlier. Regional metamorphism of pelitic-psammopelitic rocks possibly reached amphlbolite facies with peak metamorphic condition post-dating D₁ deformation.

Keywords

Sausar Group, Structure, Stratigraphy, Folding, Metamorphism, Maharashtra, Central India.

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